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US President Donald Trump, Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev, Moroccan Foreign Minister Nasser Bourita, Argentine President Javier Milei and Armenian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan and Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban attend the signing ceremony of the Peace Charter for Gaza as part of the 56th World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland on January 22, 2026. [Harun Özalp - Anadolu Agency]

The inclusion of several non-Western states, including Indonesia, in the newly formed Board of Peace on Gaza has been presented as a constructive diplomatic step toward ending violence and facilitating post-war recovery. Supporters frame the initiative as pragmatic engagement—a way to contribute to humanitarian protection and political stabilisation. Yet beyond questions of participation and goodwill lies a deeper and more troubling issue: what kind of peace is being pursued, and at what normative cost? The Israeli–Palestinian conflict is not a humanitarian emergency born of spontaneous violence. It is one of the most legally documented cases of prolonged occupation in modern history. For decades, international law has provided a clear framework for addressing this conflict—centred on self-determination, the illegality of permanent […]

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